jobaff
General Social Survey https://gss.norc.org
Question 534. Some people say that because of past discrimination, blacks should be given preference in hiring and promotion. Others say that such preference in hiring and promotion of blacks is wrong because it discriminates against others. What about your opinion - are you for or against preferential hiring and promotion of blacks? Do you favor/oppose preference in hiring and promotion strongly or not strongly?
For further details see the official GSS documentation.
Counts by year:
| year | iap | against preference | don't know | for preference | no answer | strongly against pref | strongly for pref | Total |
| 1972 | 1613 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1613 |
| 1973 | 1504 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1504 |
| 1974 | 1484 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1484 |
| 1975 | 1490 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1490 |
| 1976 | 1499 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1499 |
| 1977 | 1530 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1530 |
| 1978 | 1532 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1532 |
| 1980 | 1468 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1468 |
| 1982 | 1860 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1860 |
| 1983 | 1599 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1599 |
| 1984 | 1473 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1473 |
| 1985 | 1534 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1534 |
| 1986 | 1470 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1470 |
| 1987 | 1819 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1819 |
| 1988 | 1481 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1481 |
| 1989 | 1537 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1537 |
| 1990 | 1372 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1372 |
| 1991 | 1517 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1517 |
| 1993 | 1606 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1606 |
| 1994 | 1518 | 276 | 78 | 91 | 12 | 887 | 130 | 2992 |
| 1996 | 2904 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2904 |
| 1998 | 2832 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2832 |
| 2000 | 2817 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2817 |
| 2002 | 2765 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2765 |
| 2004 | 2812 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2812 |
| 2006 | 4510 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4510 |
| 2008 | 2023 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2023 |
| 2010 | 2044 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2044 |
| 2012 | 1974 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1974 |
| 2014 | 2538 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2538 |
| 2016 | 2867 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2867 |
| 2018 | 2348 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2348 |
| 2021 | 4032 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4032 |
| 2022 | 3544 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3544 |
| Total | 70916 | 276 | 78 | 91 | 12 | 887 | 130 | 72390 |
1 strongly for pref
2 for preference
3 against preference
4 strongly against pref
NA(d) don't know
NA(i) iap
NA(j) I don't have a job
NA(m) dk, na, iap
NA(n) no answer
NA(p) not imputable
NA(q) not imputable
NA(r) refused
NA(s) skipped on web
NA(u) uncodeable
NA(x) not available in this release
NA(y) not available in this year
NA(z) see codebook